Characterization and Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from Mangrove Rhizophora Apiculata Extracts

The study explores the biosynthesis as well as characterization of AgNPs using mangrove Rhizophora apiculata extracts, focusing on their potential applications in therapeutic, food, and agricultural fields due to their biological properties. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, and SEM-EDS techniques, revealing colour changes from yellow to dark brown, indicative of nanoparticle formation. Ultra Visible spectroscopy showed absorbance in the range of 430 to 4880 nm, while FTIR analysis displayed strong absorption bands at various wavelengths (576.03 cm-1 to 1623.84 cm-1). SEM imaging revealed oval-shaped particles with a size range of 8 to 10 nm and a smooth surface with ridges and grooves, corroborated EDS analysis showing a major emission of silver at 42.7%. The antioxidant activity of the Rhizophora apiculata extract-based AgNPs was evaluated using the DPPH scavenging assay, demonstrating concentration-dependent scavenging activity with values ranging from 17.5% to 51.8%.Nitric oxide in mangrove extract concentration of a minimum 25µg/ml value of percentage 19.5 ±2.4% compared to the standard value of 28.5 ± 2.4%. Furthermore, the haemolytic activity of the AgNPs was assessed, showing higher activity at higher concentrations (19 ± 0.5% at 100 μg/ml) and lower activity at lower concentrations (14 ± 1.4% at 80 μg/ml, 8 ± 1.2% at 60 μg/ml). These findings highlight the rich antioxidant and haemolytic properties of the Rhizophora apiculata-based AgNPs, suggesting their promising role in various biomedical and environmental applications.