Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Radiation From Synchronisation Signal Block (SSB) in 5G Systems

The unprecedented data demand from new use cases such as extended virtual reality and holograms requires the development of new mobile generation architectures. The fifth generation and beyond (5G-Beyond) wireless technology aims to address this need by increasing the number of base stations per unit area and utilizing high-frequency bands such as millimetre and terahertz waves. The 5G Beyond promises to deliver high data rates, network reliability, and low latency. However, this comes at the cost of increased electromagnetic field exposure (EMF) in a given area. Although there is no evidence linking EMF from mobile communication systems to health hazards, more research needs to be carried out to better understand the interaction between EMF and the human body and keep an eye on the EMF level. This article presents the results of a study on the EMF power density caused by control signals, especially synchronisation signal block (SSB), which are transmitted periodically from a 5G mobile communication antenna. Furthermore, from the findings, it can be observed that the level of exposure to EMF caused by SSB is within the international guidelines; yet more research is needed to mitigate unnecessary SSB transmission to further reduce the level of EMF and minimize energy consumption. In general, the results show that the highest power density values were observed at the closest distances and angles to the antenna, yet the EMF exposure levels are still below the limit. The findings of the study can inform the development of guidelines and regulations for safe exposure to electromagnetic radiation from 5G technology and other sources.