Advances in Iontophoresis-Based Drug Delivery

The localized dermal and transdermal delivery of therapeutics for managing diverse skin diseases (acne, psoriasis, skin cancer), ocular diseases, etc., is challenging. The anatomical features and presence of barriers are key hurdles in efficiently delivering drugs. Iontophoresis has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing the permeability of drugs by overcoming the challenges mentioned above. It is an innovative drug delivery technique that utilizes low-level electrical currents to enhance the dermal or transdermal transport of charged therapeutic agents. The significant versatility in delivering drug doses in a controlled manner is the key benefit of the iontophoresis technique. This chapter covers recent advances in iontophoretic approaches used for drug delivery, focusing on iontophoresis transport mechanisms and routes of administration. Key factors influencing iontophoresis efficacy, such as current density, electrode design, etc., are discussed. Significant advancements in iontophoresis including the integration of iontophoresis with nanocarriers and microneedles, which improve drug permeation and provide targeted drug delivery, are also explained. In addition, the future perspectives section provides insight into further research required into combination therapies and real-time monitoring systems to enhance the clinical effectiveness of the iontophoretic drug delivery approach. Overall, iontophoresis represents a promising approach that could revolutionize noninvasive drug administration methods in modern drug delivery systems.