Advanced drug delivery systems for treatment of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic and endocrine disorder defined by hyperglycemia and the presence of numerous comorbidities. At the moment, the most frequently used medications in the treatment of DM are insulin, non-insulin oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin analogs, and genetic agents. Nonetheless, there is currently no comprehensive treatment strategy for the management of DM because of deficiencies of inherent drug and limitations in routes of administration, including adverse drug reactions associated with long-term administration of SC injection and a variety of difficulties associated with oral administration, including chemical instability, poor absorption through GIT, and enzymatic degradation. Delivery systems have the potential to benefit diabetes treatment in a variety of ways, including increasing drug stability, overcoming barriers available biologically in vivo to enhance the bioavailability, and acting as a novel automated system to copy endogenously delivery of insulin and decrease the chances of hypoglycemia. This chapter will give an overview of recent research breakthroughs, drug therapy development trends, and the use of sophisticated drug delivery methods in the treatment of DM, as well as serve as an alternative for the use of different medications in the area of treatment of diabetes.