Adropin in immune and energy balance: ‘a molecule of interest’ in male reproduction

Adropin is a novel peptide hormone with multidimensional functionalities awaiting to be unveiled completely. This hormone is encoded by the ‘energy homeostasis-associated’ (Enho) gene. It is primarily produced by the liver, while to some extent by the brain, circulatory system and numerous other peripheral tissues. In the twelve years of its discovery, studies have established that adropin has essential role in body weight management, glucose and lipid balance, and is salubrious in a variety of illnesses. Exploring the potential of adropin in male infertility studies will be fascinating. Metabolic disorders, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS) are among the main underlying mechanisms of male infertility. Since this molecule reduces body adiposity, possesses anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant properties, it may have potential role in restoration of male fertility. In this review, we amalgamate the evidence available on physiological, metabolic, and immune functions of adropin and thereafter address the possible role of adropin in male reproduction.