A two-way pre-installation assessment framework for microgrids under power systems expansion planning

Many remote areas remain off the grid and are disconnected from the mainstream power network due to congestion in the existing power networks and expensive expansion plans. In recent studies, microgrid installations appeared as one of the most feasible solutions for power system expansion. This research study develops a two-way (M to G), where the existing microgrid is integrated into the distribution network, and (G to M) where distribution system expansion recommends the installation of a microgrid. The proposed framework is based on three steps. The initial assessment is based on a fuzzy assessment tool utilizing social factors, geographic location, and accessibility followed by economic feasibility analyses. These analyses are based on HOMER software and a power flow study of the microgrid to assess the system's reliability. The proposed framework is implemented on an islanded microgrid in a village in Pakistan. The acquired results have shown that the proposed framework recommends the existing microgrid expansion in M to G mode. The Net Present Cost (NPC) of the grid-connected system is reduced from $11 million to $0.7 million. The cost of energy is also reduced to $4.42 compared to the $65 of the islanded systems, while the payback period is only 1.2 years compared to that of the islanded microgrid which is 8.6 years.