A narrative review on the role of adipose-derived stem cells in periodontal regeneration

Objectives: Recent research suggests that periodontal regeneration (PR) through the application of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) has depicted some encouraging outcomes. They have the benefit of convenient access and are harvested through minimally invasive and inexpensive procedures. This review aimed to explore the role of ADSCs in PR. Data and Sources: The recommendation from the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) was utilised to conduct this review. It was carried out by extensively searching the literature for evidence on PR using ADSCs by electronic search through PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Study Selection: The search terms included “adipose-derived stem cells” OR “ADSCs” AND “periodontal regeneration” OR “alveolar bone regeneration”. A literature review was established to include articles related to the use of ADSCs in PR, after refining the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: The relevant studies demonstrated that ADSCs have a significant regenerative and therapeutic potential in periodontal tissues. Specifically, ADSCs were shown to differentiate into periodontal structures. However, the data is scarce for assessing their effectiveness in human models. Consequently, further research is required, including randomised controlled trials on human and animal models to further verify their regenerative capability in periodontal restoration. Clinical Significance: Adipose-derived stem cells exhibited their capability to differentiate into key periodontal structures and enhance tissue repair indicating their potential as a novel therapeutic method for improving clinical results in periodontal treatment.