A Cross-Sectional Observational Study on the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients from Different Socio-Demographic and Ethnic Groups

Background. Currently, additional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including nationality, psychological characteristics, and social status, are under consideration. Therefore, there is a need for the exploration and assessment of the contribution and consideration of the aforementioned factors to determine patient-oriented management strategies. Methods. Participants underwent a survey using the “social determinants” questionnaire, which was developed and initially utilized in the context of the extensive American MESA study. Based on the identified set of adverse socio-demographic factors during the survey, an assessment of their cumulative impact on major cardiovascular risk factors, systemic inflammation, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases was conducted. Results. An association was established between increasing social adversity and an elevated likelihood of developing all cardiovascular risk factors, except for dyslipidemia. Smoking exhibited the most significant association with deteriorating health-related social determinants (odds ratio [OR], 2.67 for quartile 4 versus quartile 1 [95% CI, 2.13–3.34]). Compared to patients in quartile 1 of health-related social determinants, those in quartile 4 had a one-third increased risk of elevated C-reactive protein (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.11–1.60]) and a 31% increased risk of all cardiovascular diseases (risk ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.03-1.67]). Conclusions. The risk of cardiovascular diseases was higher in immigrants from the North Caucasus republics and Central Asia compared to the indigenous population and immigrants from Eastern Asia. For representatives of the mentioned ethnic groups, the prevalence was significantly higher in quartile 4 than in quartile 1: 43.0% versus 29.2%, respectively (p < 0.001).